Explainer
Evidence-led entry points for non-clinicians. What is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, what does ATC A10BX mean, why are some peptides legal in Russia but not the EU.
PT-141: reconstituting part of a vial
Vyleesi is a pre-filled autoinjector, not a powder. Research-grade PT-141 cakes are not evenly distributed, so splitting gives an unknown concentration.
Selank headaches: what the research shows
Some users report headaches when starting Selank. Here is what the published research says about the peptide's neurotransmitter effects.
How semaglutide works: the GLP-1 receptor
Semaglutide binds the GLP-1 receptor in the pancreas, brain, and gut. Here is what happens at each site.
Semaglutide side effects: what trials show
The STEP and SUSTAIN programmes documented semaglutide adverse events at scale. Here is what the data show, from GI effects to the thyroid boxed warning.
Semaglutide WADA status
Semaglutide is not on the WADA prohibited list and requires no TUE. WADA is monitoring GLP-1 agonists. Here is what competing athletes need to know.
What is Semaglutide?
Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus) is a GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes and weight management. How it works and what the trials show.
Semax dosing: what the trials used
Published Semax doses come from Russian stroke trials. No Western-standard human trial has validated any dose for other indications.
Semax: from 1991 lab bench to today
Semax is licensed in Russia for stroke recovery but unapproved in the West. Here is how it got from a Moscow lab in 1991 to today's grey market.
How Semax works: mechanism explained
Semax is a seven-amino-acid ACTH fragment that reaches the brain intranasally and elevates BDNF. Here is what the data actually show.
Semax side effects: what the trials report
Semax has no approved label outside Russia. Here is what the Russian clinical record and preclinical studies actually report on adverse effects.
Can you mix peptides in one syringe?
No published compatibility data covers mixing KPV, GHK-Cu, tesamorelin, and ipamorelin in one syringe. Here is what formulation science shows.
Sex differences in semaglutide muscle loss
A July 2026 study finds female ob/ob mice are protected from semaglutide-induced muscle loss while males are not. What the finding means and what it does not.