Explainer
Evidence-led entry points for non-clinicians. What is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, what does ATC A10BX mean, why are some peptides legal in Russia but not the EU.
GLP-1 constipation: prevalence vs incidence
A 2026 study argues many GLP-1 users had constipation before starting treatment, inflating the headline rate.
GLP-1 drugs and fewer knee replacements
A database study of over 42,000 patients links GLP-1 receptor agonist use to significantly lower rates of knee replacement surgery.
Semaglutide lifts lymphatic pump in mice
A 2026 mouse study found GLP-1 receptors concentrated in lymphatic endothelial cells. Semaglutide activation improved vessel pumping capacity.
SURPASS-CVOT and the GLP-1 ceiling question
A JACC commentary asks why tirzepatide beat dulaglutide on metabolism but not on MACE in SURPASS-CVOT, and what GIP receptor activation adds beyond GLP-1.
Tirzepatide CV biomarkers in SURMOUNT-1
A SURMOUNT-1 post hoc analysis found tirzepatide reduced CRP, IL-6, leptin, and PAI-1 at 72 weeks. What the biomarker shifts mean, and what they do not.
15-PGDH and muscle loss on GLP-1 drugs
A Stanford mouse study finds that inhibiting 15-PGDH preserved muscle repair during semaglutide weight loss without reducing fat loss.
GLP-1 and GIP drugs in fat cells
A 2026 review maps what GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists do inside human adipocytes, and finds most evidence still comes from rodent models.
Tirzepatide and Lithium Toxicity: A Case
A case report ties tirzepatide to lithium toxicity severe enough for hemodialysis. What GLP-1 patients on lithium should know.
Anti-dementia drugs in 2026: what works
A German review covers old-line dementia drugs, new amyloid antibodies, and why semaglutide failed in two large Alzheimer's trials.
Bacteriostatic water and the 28-day rule
Bacteriostatic water contains 0.9% benzyl alcohol to inhibit bacterial growth. Here is how long it lasts, what degrades it, and when to discard it.
CagriSema vs tirzepatide for obesity
A network meta-analysis of 25 trials ranked tirzepatide 15 mg and CagriSema as the top weight-loss treatments. But direct trial data tells a different story.
DNA-based GLP-1 delivery via MYO Technology
A single injection of plasmid DNA encoding GLP-1 produced sustained weight loss for over a year in obese mice. What the data shows.