Explainer
Evidence-led entry points for non-clinicians. What is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, what does ATC A10BX mean, why are some peptides legal in Russia but not the EU.
PT-141 side effects: what the trials report
The RECONNECT Phase 3 trials and the Vyleesi label put adverse-event rates on the record. Nausea leads at 40%; here is what else the data shows.
Is PT-141 prohibited in sport? WADA status
PT-141 (bremelanotide) does not appear by name on the WADA Prohibited List. Here is what athletes need to verify before drawing any conclusions.
What is PT-141? A plain-English explainer
PT-141 (bremelanotide, brand name Vyleesi) is a melanocortin receptor agonist with one FDA-approved indication and no EU marketing authorisation.
Retatrutide: dose ranges from the trials
Two Phase 2 trials tested retatrutide from 0.5 mg to 12 mg weekly. Here is what each trial administered, trial by trial.
Retatrutide: a plain-English explainer
Retatrutide is an investigational triple-receptor agonist: GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon. Phase 2 data showed up to 24% weight loss at 48 weeks. Not approved.
Semaglutide doses in published trials
Dose regimens from the STEP, SUSTAIN, and SELECT trials. All figures come from published protocols, not from prescribing guidance.
Semaglutide P29: a new production method
A 2026 PLoS ONE study reports 5.85 g/L yield and 98% purity for the semaglutide main-chain intermediate using a SNAC-tagged bacterial expression system.
Semaglutide and diabetes recovery stories
A 2026 medical humanities paper asks what happens to patient recovery narratives when semaglutide does much of the biological work.
Semaglutide and weight in schizophrenia
A 24-week trial found semaglutide reduced body weight by 9.8% in people with schizophrenia on clozapine or olanzapine, with partial regain after stopping.
Thymosin β4 limits sepsis damage in mice
A May 2026 Biomolecules study found recombinant thymosin beta-4 cut lung injury and brain inflammation in septic mice, with 80% survival at 72 hours.
GLP-1 drugs and mental health: a 2026 study
A June 2026 cohort study found lower rates of anxiety and depression in adults on tirzepatide or semaglutide vs other weight-loss drugs, and what that means.
Tirzepatide and steatotic liver disease
A 2026 real-world study finds tirzepatide cut major liver complications and mortality in adults with steatotic liver disease and cardiometabolic dysfunction.