Explainer
Evidence-led entry points for non-clinicians. What is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, what does ATC A10BX mean, why are some peptides legal in Russia but not the EU.
Semaglutide side effects: what trials show
The STEP and SUSTAIN programmes documented semaglutide adverse events at scale. Here is what the data show, from GI effects to the thyroid boxed warning.
Semaglutide WADA status
Semaglutide is not on the WADA prohibited list and requires no TUE. WADA is monitoring GLP-1 agonists. Here is what competing athletes need to know.
What is Semaglutide?
Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus) is a GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes and weight management. How it works and what the trials show.
Semax dosing: what the trials used
Published Semax doses come from Russian stroke trials. No Western-standard human trial has validated any dose for other indications.
Semax: from 1991 lab bench to today
Semax is licensed in Russia for stroke recovery but unapproved in the West. Here is how it got from a Moscow lab in 1991 to today's grey market.
How Semax works: mechanism explained
Semax is a seven-amino-acid ACTH fragment that reaches the brain intranasally and elevates BDNF. Here is what the data actually show.
Semax side effects: what the trials report
Semax has no approved label outside Russia. Here is what the Russian clinical record and preclinical studies actually report on adverse effects.
Can you mix peptides in one syringe?
No published compatibility data covers mixing KPV, GHK-Cu, tesamorelin, and ipamorelin in one syringe. Here is what formulation science shows.
Sex differences in semaglutide muscle loss
A July 2026 study finds female ob/ob mice are protected from semaglutide-induced muscle loss while males are not. What the finding means and what it does not.
ONWARDS 8: icodec plus semaglutide in T2D
ONWARDS 8 found that adding weekly semaglutide to weekly insulin icodec cut HbA1c by 1.23 points and body weight by 3.85 kg, with low hypoglycaemia rates.
Plant protein and GLP-1 GI side effects
A 20-person pilot found a plant-based protein shake eased GI symptoms and boosted protein intake in GLP-1 users.
SEMA-VR: semaglutide and vessel cell repair
Semaglutide expanded endothelial precursor cells by 66% in a randomized trial, pointing to a vascular-repair mechanism behind its early cardiovascular benefit.