Explainer
Evidence-led entry points for non-clinicians. What is a GLP-1 receptor agonist, what does ATC A10BX mean, why are some peptides legal in Russia but not the EU.
Bariatric surgery volumes fell 39%
Epic Cosmos data show US bariatric surgery peaked in Q4 2022 and fell 39% by Q4 2025. Access to GLP-1 agonists before surgery splits sharply by insurance.
BPC-157 and night sweats: what we know
Night sweats appear in BPC-157 user reports but not in any published study. Here is what the evidence and the likely mechanism actually show.
GLP-1 RAs in aging people with HIV
A 2026 review finds semaglutide reduces weight, improves cardiometabolic markers, and may slow epigenetic aging in people with HIV, but key safety gaps remain.
GLP-1R G protein bias via ECL3 displacement
A July 2026 Cell Reports study shows N-terminal modifications to GLP-1R agonists shift signalling toward G protein by displacing extracellular loop 3.
Semaglutide, NAION, and a retracted study
A 2025 paper in Retina on semaglutide and optic nerve risk has been retracted without a stated reason, complicating an already contested safety debate.
Skin Growths, Sermorelin, and BPC-157/TB500
Community reports link sermorelin and BPC-157/TB-500 use to acanthosis. Here is what the IGF-1 and skin-biology literature actually shows.
T2D and obesity: why treatment falls short
A July 2026 expert review finds clinicians undertreat obesity in type 2 diabetes, leaving a key driver of glycaemic failure and cardiovascular risk unaddressed.
Tirzepatide and kidney function in obesity
A 36-person real-world study found three months of tirzepatide improved eGFR in adults with obesity, with BMI change explaining about 19% of the kidney benefit.
Tirzepatide and platelet volume in obesity
A 60-person retrospective study found tirzepatide reduced mean platelet volume 0.94 fL with a 3.92 BMI-unit drop. What the data shows and where it falls short.
Tirzepatide vs GLP-1 agonists: MACE in T2D
A July 2026 JAHA study found tirzepatide linked to 25% lower MACE risk versus GLP-1 agonists in 16,402 matched patients with type-2 diabetes and ASCVD.
Tesamorelin vs CJC-1295 with Ipamorelin
Both stacks pair a GHRH analog with ipamorelin, but tesamorelin and CJC-1295 have different half-lives and very different evidence bases.
Semaglutide in Pakistan: real-world data
A 30-week Pakistan study reports HbA1c reductions of 1.86 points and 7.84 kg mean weight loss with semaglutide in routine outpatient care.